ET23SWE0048 - Commercial Air-to-Water HP Market Study
The industry is at the very beginning of the process to electrify existing large commercial buildings. Technological and financial elements of electrification retrofits remain unknown, particularly for this market segment. However, there are many recent innovations that designers are pursuing to transform these electrification retrofits into common practice. Numerous studies and programs have addressed small residential and small commercial buildings, but only a select few have been completed for large commercial buildings, presumably because large commercial buildings are more complex resulting in additional challenges and barriers to overcome. Additional solutions must be identified and documented for large commercial buildings to overcome the unique challenge of custom-built, complex heating and cooling systems, and larger building heating and cooling loads. As a result, electrification of these systems is one of the most challenging in the current market.
We are proposing a market study to assess existing opportunities and barriers for electrifying heating systems in existing large commercial buildings, with a focus on electrifying large boilers with air-to-water heat pumps, including hybrid solutions. In large commercial buildings, boilers are used primarily for this space heating, which is typically the largest source of fossil fuel consumption in these facilities. Air-to-Water heat pumps pull heat from ambient air to heat water that is then circulated through radiators, baseboard units, radiant panels, or heat/re-heat coils throughout large buildings. This project will help understand the market potential and solutions available for decarbonizing these large systems through air-to-water heat pumps.
A market evaluation study was conducted to assess the viability of electrifying heating hot water (HHW) systems in large commercial buildings, with the focus on air-to-water heat pumps (AWHP). Air -to-water heat pumps produce HHW that can be used for space heating applications such as HHW coils in air handling unit (AHU) or terminal variable air volume (VAV) boxes, radiant heating, fan coil units, etc. They can be used by themselves or in combination with other equipment such as water-to-water heat pumps or thermal energy storage to either increase their capacity or recover waste heat.
The objectives of this study were to identify commercial AWHP technologies that are currently available, perform a technology and market assessment to size the potential market in California, estimate energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) savings potentials, identify market barriers and opportunities, and provide recommendations for possible utility interventions to support market adoption.
